The Use of Artificial Intelligence to Provide Medical Care
As computer software becomes more sophisticated, and artificial intelligence is used to diagnose and to treat medical conditions, the question arises as to how to license and regulate such medical devices.
Issues that arise include:
(1) Does each new software update to an expert system or an artificially intelligent medical device need to be reviewed and licensed before it can be used in the practice of medicine?
(2) Do self-learning machines need to be reviewed after each change that such a machine makes to itself, and how can that be done reasonably?
(3) Should an artificially intelligent medical machine be treated as a tool that a physician uses, as an assistant to the physician, or as the treating physician itself?
(4) When an artificially intelligent medical device commits an error, who is legally responsible for that error, a physician, or the company that produced the device and software?
(5) How do we anticipate, identify, and correct implicit bias in software affecting the diagnosis and treatment of patients based upon their sex, race, age, and economic status